合租寬頻分擔攻略 | Shared Flat Broadband Splitting Guide

點解合租寬頻需要攻略？Why Shared Broadband Needs a Strategy

香港租金長期高企，合租已經係好多打工仔、學生甚至年輕家庭嘅常態。無論係合租一個三房單位、定係住喺劏房，寬頻都係大家日日要用嘅基本服務。問題在於：寬頻合約通常只有一個人嘅名，費用點分、合約點處理、速度夠唔夠用——呢啲都係合租時經常出現嘅爭議點。

Hong Kong's notoriously high rents make flat-sharing a way of life for many workers, students, and young families. Whether you are sharing a three-bedroom apartment or living in a subdivided flat (SDU), broadband is a daily essential. The challenge is that a broadband contract is tied to one person's name, so questions about cost-splitting, contract management, and whether the speed is sufficient for everyone quickly become common sources of friction among flatmates.

合約應該用邊個名？Whose Name Goes on the Contract?

呢個係合租寬頻最核心嘅問題。寬頻合約通常係 24 個月，如果用咗你個名，而室友提前搬走，你就要獨自承擔餘下月費同提前終止合約嘅罰款（通常係剩餘月費嘅總和）。所以，揀邊個簽合約要慎重考慮。

This is the single most critical question in shared broadband. Contracts typically run for 24 months. If the contract is in your name and a flatmate moves out early, you are left bearing the remaining monthly fees and any early termination penalty (usually the sum of all outstanding months). Choosing who signs requires careful thought.

最佳做法 Best Practices

用最穩定嘅租客嘅名：如果有一個室友嘅租約最長、或者最唔可能搬走，就用佢個名簽合約。呢樣可以減少因為簽約人搬走而要提前終止嘅風險。理想情況係寬頻合約長度同租約一致。

Use the most stable tenant's name: If one flatmate has the longest lease or is least likely to move, that person should sign the broadband contract. This minimises the risk of early termination caused by the account holder leaving. Ideally, the broadband contract length should match the tenancy agreement.

寫一份簡單嘅分擔協議：雖然唔需要律師文件，但建議喺 WhatsApp 群組或者共享文件入面寫低：每人每月幾錢、如果有人提前搬走點處理、新室友點加入分擔。有文字記錄係最好嘅保障。

Draft a simple cost-sharing agreement: You do not need a legal document, but it helps to record the arrangement in a WhatsApp group or shared document. Cover how much each person pays monthly, what happens if someone moves out early, and how a new flatmate joins the cost split. Written records are your best protection.

費用點分先至公平？How to Split Costs Fairly

最直接嘅方法當然係平均分攤——例如 $198/月嘅 1000M 計劃，三個人每人 $66。但實際上，唔同室友嘅用量可能差好遠。一個每晚打機串流嘅人同一個淨係覆下 WhatsApp 嘅人，用量完全唔同。

The simplest method is an even split -- for example, a $198/month 1000M plan shared three ways at $66 each. But in practice, usage can vary dramatically. A flatmate who games and streams every evening consumes far more bandwidth than someone who only checks WhatsApp. Here are several fair approaches:

方案一：平均分攤 Option 1: Equal Split

最簡單直接，適合大家用量差唔多嘅情況。好處係無爭議、易計數。每月自動轉帳或者 PayMe/FPS 過數，設定好就唔使再煩。呢個方法適合 2-3 人合租，大家都係正常上網用途（社交媒體、串流、視像通話）。

The simplest and most common approach, best when everyone's usage is roughly similar. The advantage is zero disputes and easy accounting. Set up a monthly auto-transfer via PayMe or FPS and forget about it. This works well for 2-3 flatmates with standard usage -- social media, streaming, and video calls.

方案二：按用量比例 Option 2: Usage-Based Split

如果有室友係重度用戶（例如長時間 BT 下載、4K 串流、或者在家工作需要長時間視像會議），可以考慮佢畀多啲。例如重度用戶付 40%，其餘兩個人各付 30%。不過實際上好難準確量度每人用量，所以呢個方法通常係靠大家自覺同協商。

If one flatmate is a heavy user -- constant torrenting, 4K streaming, or prolonged work-from-home video conferencing -- they could pay a larger share. For example, the heavy user pays 40% while the other two each pay 30%. In practice it is hard to measure individual usage precisely, so this approach relies on honesty and mutual agreement.

方案三：簽約人優惠 Option 3: Contract-Holder Discount

簽約人承擔咗最大嘅風險（被綁約、罰款），所以有啲合租安排會畀簽約人少付一啲作為補償。例如三人合租，簽約人付 25%，其餘兩人各付 37.5%。呢個做法可以鼓勵有人願意承擔簽約責任。

The contract holder bears the greatest risk (being locked in, liable for penalties), so some arrangements give them a slight discount as compensation. For example, in a three-person flat, the contract holder pays 25% while the other two each pay 37.5%. This incentivises someone to take on the contract responsibility.

室友搬走點算？What Happens When a Flatmate Moves Out?

呢個係合租寬頻最大嘅痛點。假設三個人合租，其中一個搬走，剩低兩個人就要承擔更大份額嘅費用。建議喺一開始就講清楚以下幾點：搬走嘅人需要提前幾耐通知（建議至少一個月）？搬走嘅人需唔需要幫手搵替代者？如果搵唔到替代者，費用點處理？

This is the biggest pain point in shared broadband. If three people share and one moves out, the remaining two must absorb a larger share. Establish these ground rules from the start: How much notice must the departing flatmate give (at least one month is recommended)? Is the departing person responsible for finding a replacement? If no replacement is found, how are costs handled?

合租需要幾快嘅寬頻？Recommended Speeds for Shared Flats

好多人以為兩三個人用 100M 就夠，但實際上多人同時使用時，頻寬會被分薄。以下係按合租人數嘅建議速度：

Many people assume 100M is enough for two or three users, but bandwidth gets divided quickly with simultaneous use. Here are recommended speeds by number of flatmates:

頻寬管理同 QoS 設定 | Bandwidth Management and QoS

如果有室友成日大量下載（BT、大型遊戲更新），佢嘅流量會「食晒」成條線嘅頻寬，搞到其他人連開個網頁都慢。呢個時候，路由器嘅 QoS（Quality of Service）功能就好有用。

If a flatmate frequently downloads large files (torrents, game updates), their traffic can saturate the entire connection, making it slow for everyone else even for basic web browsing. This is where your router's QoS (Quality of Service) feature becomes essential.

QoS 可以做到：為每個裝置或每種流量類型設定優先級。例如，你可以將視像會議同打機設為高優先，BT 下載設為低優先。當頻寬充足時，所有人都可以全速使用；當頻寬緊張時，低優先嘅流量會被限速，確保高優先嘅應用唔受影響。

What QoS can do: Assign priority levels to each device or traffic type. For example, you can set video conferencing and gaming as high priority, and torrent downloads as low priority. When bandwidth is plentiful, everyone gets full speed; when bandwidth is tight, low-priority traffic is throttled to protect high-priority applications.

大部分中高階路由器（如 ASUS、TP-Link Archer 系列、Netgear）都有 QoS 功能。喺路由器管理頁面（通常係 192.168.1.1 或 192.168.0.1）就可以設定。如果你哋嘅路由器冇 QoS，可以考慮每人設定頻寬上限——例如 1000M 連線，每人上限 400M，確保至少每人都有基本速度可用。

Most mid-range to high-end routers (ASUS, TP-Link Archer series, Netgear) include QoS. You can configure it from the router's admin page (usually 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1). If your router lacks QoS, consider setting per-person bandwidth caps -- for a 1000M connection, a 400M cap per user ensures everyone has at least a usable minimum.

共用一條線 vs 各裝各嘅？Shared vs Separate Connections

有人會問：不如每個房間自己裝一條線咪好囉？呢個做法技術上可行，但有幾個考慮因素。首先，唔係所有單位都有多條光纖入屋嘅條件——好多大廈每個單位只有一個光纖接入點。其次，每人獨立簽約嘅總費用通常遠高過共用一條高速線路。

Some ask: why not just get a separate line for each room? This is technically possible but comes with considerations. First, not every unit supports multiple fibre entry points -- many buildings only have one optical termination point per flat. Second, the combined cost of individual contracts is usually much higher than sharing a single high-speed line.

唯一值得考慮裝獨立線路嘅情況係：室友之間完全唔熟（例如透過中介配對嘅合租），或者有人需要極高嘅網絡穩定性（例如專業遊戲直播主、交易員）。其他情況下，共用一條高速線路加上合理嘅 QoS 設定，係最經濟實惠嘅方案。

The only scenarios where separate lines make sense are: when flatmates are complete strangers (e.g. matched via an agency), or when someone needs extremely high network stability (e.g. professional game streamers, financial traders). In all other cases, a single high-speed line with sensible QoS settings is the most cost-effective solution.

合租 Wi-Fi 安全問題 | WiFi Security in Shared Spaces

同人合租，Wi-Fi 安全係一個經常被忽略嘅問題。如果大家連接同一個 Wi-Fi 網絡，理論上同一網絡內嘅裝置可以互相「睇到」。雖然現代作業系統有防火牆保護，但仍然建議採取以下措施：

When sharing a flat, WiFi security is often overlooked. If everyone connects to the same WiFi network, devices on the same network can technically "see" each other. While modern operating systems have firewall protection, the following precautions are still recommended:

使用 Guest Network（訪客網絡）：大部分現代路由器都支持開設多個 SSID。你可以設定一個主網絡畀自己用（連接 NAS、打印機等），另一個訪客網絡畀室友用。訪客網絡同主網絡互相隔離，即使室友嘅裝置中毒，都唔會影響到你嘅裝置。

Use a Guest Network: Most modern routers support multiple SSIDs. You can set up a primary network for yourself (connected to your NAS, printer, etc.) and a separate guest network for flatmates. Guest networks are isolated from the main network, so even if a flatmate's device is compromised, your devices remain protected.

定期更換密碼：尤其係有室友搬走之後，一定要即刻改 Wi-Fi 密碼。舊室友可能仲記得密碼，甚至可能將密碼畀咗其他人。同時確保用 WPA3 或至少 WPA2 加密，永遠唔好用 WEP 或者無密碼嘅開放網絡。

Change passwords regularly: Especially after a flatmate moves out, change the WiFi password immediately. Former flatmates may still remember the password or may have shared it with others. Also ensure you use WPA3 or at least WPA2 encryption -- never use WEP or an open network without a password.

應對重度用戶 | Dealing with Heavy Users

合租最常見嘅投訴之一就係「點解上網咁慢」，而原因通常係某個室友喺大量下載或者串流。BT 下載特別消耗頻寬，因為佢唔單止下載，仲會同時上傳畀其他人，雙向都食頻寬。一個開住 BT 嘅室友，可以令成條 500M 線路都變得好慢。

One of the most common complaints in shared flats is "why is the internet so slow" -- and the cause is usually a flatmate downloading heavily or streaming. Torrenting is particularly bandwidth-hungry because it simultaneously uploads to other peers, consuming bandwidth in both directions. A single flatmate running torrents can slow down an entire 500M connection for everyone.

解決方法 Solutions

設定下載時段：大家可以協議將大型下載安排喺深夜（例如凌晨 1-7 點），呢個時段其他人通常唔會上網，唔會影響到任何人。大部分 BT 軟件都支持排程下載功能。

Schedule downloads: Agree to schedule large downloads during off-peak hours (e.g. 1-7 AM) when others are not online. Most torrent clients support scheduled downloading.

限制上傳速度：BT 下載嘅用戶可以喺軟件入面限制上傳速度（例如只用全速嘅 20%），呢樣可以大幅減少對其他人嘅影響，同時仲係可以維持合理嘅下載速度。

Limit upload speed: Torrent users can limit their upload speed in the client (e.g. to 20% of maximum), which dramatically reduces the impact on others while still maintaining reasonable download speeds.

路由器擺位：多間房點覆蓋？Router Placement for Multiple Rooms

香港嘅合租單位通常係 400-700 呎嘅兩至三房單位，間隔有牆壁阻隔。路由器通常放喺客廳，但遠啲嘅房間（尤其係有實心牆阻隔嘅房間）Wi-Fi 訊號可能好差。

Typical shared flats in Hong Kong are 400-700 sq ft two- or three-bedroom units with walls separating rooms. The router is usually placed in the living room, but rooms further away -- especially those behind solid walls -- may get very poor WiFi signal.

改善方法 Solutions

路由器放中間位置：盡量將路由器放喺單位嘅中心位置，而唔係角落。如果光纖接入點喺大門口附近，可以用一條長啲嘅網線將路由器搬到更中心嘅位置。

Place the router centrally: Position the router as close to the centre of the flat as possible, not in a corner. If the fibre termination point is near the front door, use a longer Ethernet cable to relocate the router to a more central spot.

考慮 Mesh Wi-Fi 系統：如果單位有三間房或以上，或者牆身特別厚（常見於舊式公屋同唐樓），建議用 Mesh Wi-Fi 系統。兩個 Mesh 節點通常就足以覆蓋成個 600 呎嘅單位。TP-Link Deco 同 ASUS ZenWiFi 系列都有唔錯嘅入門選擇，大約 $600-$1,200。

Consider a Mesh WiFi system: If the flat has three or more rooms, or particularly thick walls (common in older public housing and tong lau), a Mesh WiFi system is recommended. Two Mesh nodes are usually enough to cover a 600 sq ft flat. TP-Link Deco and ASUS ZenWiFi series offer solid entry-level options at around $600-$1,200.

有線連接係王道：如果室友嘅房間有方便嘅方式拉網線（沿牆角用線槽、經門底用扁線），有線連接永遠比 Wi-Fi 穩定。特別係打機或者在家工作開視像會議嘅用途，一條 Cat5e 或 Cat6 網線嘅表現遠勝 Wi-Fi。

Wired is king: If there is a feasible way to run a cable to each room (using cable trunking along walls, flat cables under doors), a wired connection is always more stable than WiFi. This is especially true for gaming or WFH video conferencing -- a Cat5e or Cat6 cable outperforms WiFi significantly.

劏房特別攻略 | Tips for Subdivided Units (SDUs)

劏房嘅寬頻情況比普通合租更加複雜。好多劏房係業主統一安裝寬頻再分畀各租客，呢種情況下你通常冇得選擇供應商同速度。業主可能用一條 100M 線路分畀四五個單位，每個單位實際只有 20-25M，完全唔夠用。

Broadband in subdivided units is more complicated than typical flat-sharing. Many SDU landlords install a single broadband line and distribute it to all tenants, giving you no choice over ISP or speed. A landlord might split a single 100M connection among four or five units, leaving each with only 20-25M in practice -- woefully inadequate.

劏房租戶可以做嘅嘢 What SDU Tenants Can Do

問清楚寬頻安排：租之前先問業主：寬頻係包喺租金入面定係獨立收費？速度係幾多？係共用定係獨立線路？如果寬頻包喺租金入面但速度好慢，你可能需要考慮自己獨立申請一條線，但要先確認大廈同單位嘅基建係咪支持。

Ask about broadband arrangements before renting: Is broadband included in rent or charged separately? What speed? Shared or dedicated line? If broadband is included but slow, you may need to arrange your own connection -- but first confirm whether the building and unit infrastructure supports it.

4G/5G 家居寬頻作為替代：如果大廈唔支持獨立拉線到你嘅劏房單位，4G 或 5G 家居寬頻可以係一個唔錯嘅替代方案。供應商如 3HK、CMHK 同 SmarTone 都有提供 5G 家居寬頻計劃，月費大約 $100-$200，速度可以達到 100-500M，視乎你所在區域嘅 5G 覆蓋情況。

4G/5G home broadband as an alternative: If the building does not support a dedicated line to your SDU, 4G or 5G home broadband can be a viable alternative. Providers like 3HK, CMHK, and SmarTone offer 5G home broadband plans at around $100-$200/month, with speeds of 100-500M depending on 5G coverage in your area.

法律注意事項 | Legal Considerations

合租寬頻喺法律上有幾個需要注意嘅地方。首先，大部分寬頻供應商嘅服務條款禁止將服務轉售畀第三方。即係話你唔可以收室友比原價更高嘅費用嚟「賺差價」。第二，如果你係寬頻合約嘅簽約人，你需要對線路上發生嘅所有活動負法律責任——包括室友嘅違法下載行為。

There are several legal points to note about shared broadband. First, most ISPs' terms of service prohibit reselling the service to third parties. This means you cannot charge flatmates more than the actual cost to profit from the arrangement. Second, as the contract holder, you may be legally responsible for all activity on the line -- including illegal downloads by flatmates.

合租寬頻 Checklist | Shared Broadband Checklist

搬入合租單位之前，用呢個清單確保你嘅寬頻安排妥當：

Before moving into a shared flat, use this checklist to ensure your broadband arrangements are in order: