FTTB 與 FTTH 有咩分別？| FTTB vs FTTH Fiber Explained

你有冇試過，明明裝咗「光纖寬頻」，但速度就係跑唔到標稱嘅速度？又或者你嘅大廈只能裝到 100M 或 500M，但隔離棟大廈就可以裝 1G 甚至 10G？呢啲情況好多時都同你嘅大廈用咗 FTTB 定 FTTH 技術有關。

Ever wondered why your "fiber broadband" doesn't hit advertised speeds? Or why your building only offers 100M while the one next door gets 10G? The answer often lies in whether your building uses FTTB or FTTH technology. This guide explains both in plain language.

咩係 FTTB？What is FTTB?

FTTB 即係 Fiber to the Building（光纖到大廈）。顧名思義，光纖只係鋪設到大廈嘅機房（通常係地下或者低層嘅電訊設備房），但由機房到你家中嗰一段「最後一哩」（last mile），就係用大廈原有嘅銅線（copper wiring）嚟傳輸訊號。

FTTB stands for Fiber to the Building. Fiber optic cable runs from the provider's network to the building's equipment room (typically on the ground floor), but the "last mile" from the equipment room to your apartment uses the building's existing copper telephone wiring to carry the signal.

FTTB 嘅技術原理 How FTTB Works

喺 FTTB 架構下，光纖訊號到達大廈機房後，會經過一個叫做 DSLAM 或者光纖轉換器嘅設備，將光纖訊號轉換成可以透過銅線傳輸嘅電子訊號。呢個轉換過程會用到 VDSL2 技術（或者更新嘅 G.fast 技術），然後透過大廈內部嘅電話線路傳送到你屋企。

In a FTTB setup, the fiber signal reaches the building's equipment room and is converted by a DSLAM or media converter into an electrical signal that can travel over copper wiring. This conversion typically uses VDSL2 technology (or the newer G.fast standard) to deliver broadband through the building's internal telephone lines to your apartment.

FTTB 嘅速度限制 FTTB Speed Limitations

因為「最後一哩」用嘅係銅線而唔係光纖，FTTB 嘅速度會受到以下因素影響：銅線嘅質素同長度（越長越慢）、你嘅單位同機房之間嘅距離、銅線嘅干擾（interference）情況、同時使用銅線嘅用戶數量。一般嚟講，用 VDSL2 技術嘅 FTTB 最高速度大約係 100Mbps，而用 G.fast 技術嘅可以去到 500Mbps 甚至 1Gbps，但實際速度通常會低過理論值。

Because the last mile uses copper instead of fiber, FTTB speeds are limited by copper wire quality and length (longer = slower), distance from your unit to the equipment room, electromagnetic interference, and the number of users sharing the copper infrastructure. VDSL2-based FTTB typically maxes out at around 100Mbps, while G.fast can reach 500Mbps or even 1Gbps theoretically — but real-world speeds are usually lower.

咩係 FTTH？What is FTTH?

FTTH 即係 Fiber to the Home（光纖入屋）。同 FTTB 最大嘅分別係，光纖由供應商嘅網絡一直鋪設到你屋企入面，中間唔需要經過任何銅線。你家中會有一個叫做 ONT（Optical Network Terminal，光纖網絡終端器）嘅小盒子，直接將光纖訊號轉換成你嘅路由器可以使用嘅訊號。

FTTH stands for Fiber to the Home. The key difference from FTTB is that the fiber optic cable runs all the way from the provider's network directly into your apartment — no copper wiring involved. A small device called an ONT (Optical Network Terminal) in your home converts the optical signal into an electrical signal your router can use.

FTTH 嘅技術原理 How FTTH Works

FTTH 通常使用 GPON（Gigabit Passive Optical Network）或者更新嘅 XGS-PON（10 Gigabit Symmetric PON）技術。光纖由供應商嘅中心機房出發，經過街道、入到你大廈嘅機房，再經過大廈嘅垂直光纖管道（riser），直接鋪設到你嘅單位。全程光纖，冇銅線，所以訊號衰減極低，速度同穩定性都遠勝 FTTB。

FTTH typically uses GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) or the newer XGS-PON (10 Gigabit Symmetric PON) technology. Fiber runs from the provider's central office through street infrastructure, into your building's equipment room, up the building's vertical fiber riser, and directly into your apartment. The all-fiber path means minimal signal degradation, delivering superior speed and stability compared to FTTB.

FTTH 嘅速度優勢 FTTH Speed Advantages

因為全程都係光纖傳輸，FTTH 可以提供極高嘅速度。目前香港嘅 FTTH 服務可以提供由 100Mbps 到 10Gbps 嘅速度，而且上下載速度通常係對稱嘅（symmetrical）。例如你裝 1G 寬頻，上載同下載都係 1Gbps，呢點對需要經常上傳大檔案嘅用家嚟講非常重要。

With an all-fiber path, FTTH delivers much higher speeds — currently from 100Mbps to 10Gbps in Hong Kong — with symmetrical upload and download speeds. A 1G FTTH connection gives you 1Gbps both up and down, which is crucial for users who regularly upload large files, use cloud storage, or make video calls.

FTTB vs FTTH 比較 Side-by-Side Comparison

對速度同延遲嘅影響 Impact on Speed & Latency

下載速度 Download Speed

喺下載速度方面，FTTH 嘅優勢係非常明顯嘅。FTTH 用戶通常可以達到標稱速度嘅 90-95%，例如裝 1G 寬頻，實際測速可以有 900-950Mbps。相比之下，FTTB 用戶嘅實際速度通常只有標稱速度嘅 60-80%，因為銅線傳輸嘅損耗同干擾。如果你住喺高層，離機房越遠，速度衰減就越明顯。

FTTH users typically achieve 90-95% of advertised speeds — a 1G plan often tests at 900-950Mbps. FTTB users usually get 60-80% of advertised speeds due to copper transmission losses and interference. Higher floors in FTTB buildings often experience more speed degradation due to greater distance from the equipment room.

上載速度 Upload Speed

上載速度係 FTTB 同 FTTH 差距最大嘅地方。FTTH 提供對稱嘅上下載速度，即係話 1G 寬頻嘅上載速度都係 1Gbps。但 FTTB 嘅上載速度通常遠低過下載速度 — 一個標稱 100M 嘅 FTTB 計劃，上載速度可能只有 20-50Mbps。對於需要經常上傳檔案、做視像會議或者用雲端備份嘅用戶嚟講，呢個差距會非常明顯。

Upload speed is where the FTTB vs FTTH gap is most pronounced. FTTH offers symmetrical speeds — a 1G plan gives you 1Gbps upload too. FTTB upload speeds are typically far lower than download — a 100M FTTB plan might only offer 20-50Mbps upload. This matters hugely for video conferencing, cloud backups, and file sharing.

延遲（Ping）Latency

延遲（latency / ping）係指數據由你嘅裝置傳送到伺服器再返回嘅時間。FTTH 嘅延遲通常喺 1-5ms 之間，而 FTTB 可能會去到 5-20ms 甚至更高。對一般瀏覽網頁嚟講，呢個差距唔太明顯。但對打機（尤其係 FPS 同格鬥遊戲）同實時通訊嚟講，低延遲可以帶來好大嘅改善。FTTH latency typically ranges from 1-5ms, while FTTB can be 5-20ms or higher. This difference is negligible for web browsing but significant for competitive gaming (especially FPS and fighting games) and real-time communications.

穩定性 Stability & Consistency

FTTH 嘅速度穩定性遠勝 FTTB。光纖唔受電磁干擾、天氣變化或者其他電子設備嘅影響，所以 FTTH 嘅速度喺唔同時間、唔同天氣下都非常一致。FTTB 嘅銅線則容易受到各種干擾，尤其係繁忙時段（高峰期），多人同時使用時速度可能會明顯下降。FTTH delivers far more consistent speeds than FTTB. Fiber is immune to electromagnetic interference, weather changes, and noise from other electronic devices. FTTB copper lines are susceptible to various forms of interference, and speeds often drop noticeably during peak usage hours when many residents are online simultaneously.

邊啲大廈用 FTTB，邊啲用 FTTH？Which Buildings Have Which?

喺香港，你嘅大廈用 FTTB 定 FTTH 主要取決於大廈嘅落成年份同內部基建。以下係一般嘅規律：

通常係 FTTH 嘅大廈 Buildings Typically with FTTH

2010 年後落成嘅新樓盤：大部分 2010 年之後嘅新樓盤喺建築階段就已經預埋光纖管道，所以供應商可以直接將光纖拉到每個單位。呢啲大廈通常支援多間供應商嘅 FTTH 服務，速度選擇亦最多。

經過翻新嘅大型屋苑：有啲大型屋苑（例如太古城、美孚新邨等）經過翻新後加裝咗光纖垂直管道，亦可以提供 FTTH 服務。

公屋同居屋：房委會近年積極推動公屋同居屋嘅光纖化，好多較新嘅公營房屋都已經有 FTTH 覆蓋。

Post-2010 developments almost always have FTTH, as fiber ducting is built into the construction. Large estates that have undergone renovation (like Taikoo Shing, Mei Foo Sun Chuen) may also have FTTH after upgrading their vertical risers. Many newer public housing estates have FTTH coverage as the Housing Authority pushes for fiber connectivity.

通常係 FTTB 嘅大廈 Buildings Typically with FTTB

2000 年前嘅舊式私樓：好多舊式私人住宅大廈內部只有電話銅線，冇預埋光纖管道，所以只能用 FTTB。要升級到 FTTH 需要大廈法團同意同撥款，過程漫長。

唐樓同單棟物業：唐樓嘅基建通常比較簡單，好多都只有最基本嘅電話線路，FTTB 係唯一選擇。部分唐樓甚至連 FTTB 都冇，只能用更舊嘅 ADSL 技術。

村屋：新界村屋嘅覆蓋情況比較複雜。部分村屋有 FTTB 覆蓋，部分有 FTTH，仲有好多村屋只有 ADSL 或者固定無線寬頻。

Pre-2000 private residential buildings often lack fiber ducting, making FTTB the only option. Upgrading to FTTH requires building management approval and funding — a lengthy process. Tong lau (tenement buildings) and walk-ups typically have minimal infrastructure, with FTTB being the best available option. Some may still rely on even older ADSL technology. Village houses in the New Territories have mixed coverage — some have FTTB, some FTTH, and many only have ADSL or fixed wireless broadband.

點樣知道自己大廈係 FTTB 定 FTTH？How to Check Your Building's Fiber Type

要確認你嘅大廈係用 FTTB 定 FTTH，有幾個方法：

方法 1：睇屋企嘅接入設備 Check Your In-Home Equipment

最直接嘅方法係睇你屋企有冇 ONT（光纖網絡終端器）。如果你嘅寬頻線係直接插入一個細小嘅白色盒子（ONT），再由 ONT 連接到路由器，咁你就係用緊 FTTH。如果你嘅寬頻係透過電話線接駁到 modem/router，冇獨立嘅 ONT，咁大機會係 FTTB。

The most direct method is checking for an ONT (Optical Network Terminal) in your home. If a thin fiber cable connects to a small white box (ONT), which then connects to your router via an Ethernet cable, you have FTTH. If your broadband connects through a phone jack or copper cable to a modem/router with no separate ONT, you likely have FTTB.

方法 2：查詢供應商 Ask Your Provider

你可以直接打去你嘅寬頻供應商查詢。佢哋可以告訴你，你嘅服務係透過 FTTB 定 FTTH 提供嘅。同時亦可以問清楚你嘅大廈有冇升級到 FTTH 嘅計劃。Call your broadband provider and ask directly whether your service is delivered via FTTB or FTTH. Also ask if there are any planned upgrades to FTTH for your building.

方法 3：用 FibreConnect 查覆蓋 Use FibreConnect Coverage Check

用 FibreConnect 輸入你嘅地址，就可以睇到各供應商喺你大廈嘅覆蓋詳情。如果某間供應商可以提供 2G 或以上嘅速度，咁佢哋喺你大廈好大機會係用 FTTH。如果最高速度只有 100M，則好可能係 FTTB。Use FibreConnect's address search to see coverage details. If a provider offers 2G+ speeds at your building, they almost certainly have FTTH there. If the maximum is 100M, it's likely FTTB.

方法 4：睇牆身嘅光纖面板 Look for Fiber Wall Plates

有啲 FTTH 大廈會喺每個單位嘅客廳或者入口附近預埋光纖面板（fiber wall plate / fiber outlet）。如果你喺牆身見到一個細小嘅面板，上面有 SC/APC 或者 LC 接口（通常係綠色或者藍色嘅小接口），咁你嘅單位就有光纖預埋線。Some FTTH buildings have pre-installed fiber wall plates near the living room or entrance. If you see a small panel with SC/APC or LC connectors (usually green or blue), your unit has pre-installed fiber cabling.

OFCA 同覆蓋數據 OFCA & Coverage Data

通訊事務管理局辦公室（OFCA，即 Office of the Communications Authority）係香港負責規管電訊服務嘅機構。OFCA 有公開嘅寬頻覆蓋數據，記錄咗全港大廈嘅寬頻供應商覆蓋情況。

OFCA (Office of the Communications Authority) is Hong Kong's telecommunications regulator. They maintain publicly available broadband coverage data that records which providers serve which buildings across the territory.

OFCA 嘅覆蓋數據話俾你知咩？What Does OFCA Data Tell You?

OFCA 嘅數據主要顯示邊幾間供應商喺特定大廈有寬頻服務覆蓋，包括供應商名稱同覆蓋嘅技術類型。FibreConnect 正正就係利用呢啲 OFCA 公開數據同其他來源，整合成一個容易使用嘅比較平台，令你唔使自己去 OFCA 嘅數據庫慢慢查。

OFCA data shows which providers have broadband coverage at specific buildings, including provider names and technology types. FibreConnect aggregates this OFCA public data along with other sources into an easy-to-use comparison platform, so you don't have to manually search through OFCA's database.

香港寬頻覆蓋嘅整體情況 Hong Kong's Overall Broadband Coverage

根據 OFCA 嘅數據，香港嘅光纖寬頻覆蓋率係全球數一數二嘅。超過 95% 嘅住宅單位都有至少一間供應商嘅光纖覆蓋，而大部分市區住宅都有三至四間供應商可供選擇。不過，光纖覆蓋唔等於 FTTH 覆蓋 — 好多所謂嘅「光纖寬頻」實際上係 FTTB，尤其係舊區嘅大廈。

According to OFCA data, Hong Kong has one of the highest fiber broadband penetration rates in the world. Over 95% of residential units have at least one fiber provider, and most urban residences have 3-4 providers to choose from. However, "fiber coverage" doesn't necessarily mean FTTH — many buildings with "fiber broadband" actually use FTTB, especially in older districts.

未來發展同升級 Future-Proofing & Upgrades

如果你正喺考慮長遠嘅寬頻需求，FTTH 毫無疑問係更好嘅選擇。光纖嘅頻寬容量遠超過銅線，理論上可以支援到 100Gbps 甚至更高嘅速度，只需要升級兩端嘅設備就可以提速，唔使重新鋪設線路。

For long-term needs, FTTH is unquestionably the better choice. Fiber's bandwidth capacity far exceeds copper — theoretically supporting 100Gbps or more. Speed upgrades only require equipment changes at both ends, not re-cabling. This means a fiber-connected home is ready for decades of speed improvements.

FTTB 大廈有冇得升級？Can FTTB Buildings Upgrade?

技術上係可以嘅，但過程比較複雜同昂貴。升級通常需要大廈法團（業主立案法團）通過決議、撥出翻新基金、同供應商協調施工安排。工程包括喺大廈內部加裝光纖垂直管道（fiber riser）同喺每個單位鋪設光纖線路。成個過程可能需要幾個月到一年時間，視乎大廈嘅規模同複雜程度。

Technically yes, but the process is complex and costly. It typically requires the building's Owners' Corporation to pass a resolution, allocate renovation funds, and coordinate with providers for installation. The work involves installing fiber risers and running fiber cables to each unit. The entire process can take several months to a year, depending on building size and complexity.

G.fast — FTTB 嘅中間方案 G.fast — A Middle Ground for FTTB

對於短期內冇辦法升級到 FTTH 嘅 FTTB 大廈，G.fast 技術提供咗一個折衷方案。G.fast 可以利用現有嘅銅線達到高達 1Gbps 嘅速度（喺短距離情況下），比傳統 VDSL2 快好多。不過 G.fast 對銅線質素同距離嘅要求都比較嚴格，實際效果因大廈而異。部分供應商已經喺香港嘅 FTTB 大廈部署咗 G.fast 技術。

For FTTB buildings that can't upgrade to FTTH in the near term, G.fast technology offers a compromise. G.fast can achieve up to 1Gbps over short copper distances — much faster than traditional VDSL2. However, it's sensitive to copper quality and distance, so real-world performance varies by building. Some providers have already deployed G.fast in Hong Kong's FTTB buildings.

買樓租樓嘅考量 Considerations for Property Buyers/Renters

如果你正準備買樓或者租樓，寬頻基建應該係你嘅考慮因素之一。一棟有 FTTH 覆蓋嘅大廈唔單止代表你可以享受到更快更穩定嘅寬頻，長遠嚟睇仲可以增加物業嘅吸引力。相反，一棟只有 FTTB 或者覆蓋有限嘅大廈可能會影響你嘅上網體驗，尤其係隨住遠程工作同智能家居嘅趨勢越來越普及。

If you're buying or renting property, broadband infrastructure should be a factor in your decision. A building with FTTH not only means faster, more stable internet now — it also future-proofs the property as remote work and smart home adoption accelerate. A building limited to FTTB may constrain your broadband options for years to come.

總結 Summary

簡單嚟講，FTTB 同 FTTH 嘅分別就係光纖去到邊度。FTTH 將光纖一路拉到你屋企，提供最快、最穩定、最低延遲嘅上網體驗。FTTB 只將光纖拉到大廈機房，最後一段用銅線，速度同穩定性都會受影響。

In short, the FTTB vs FTTH difference comes down to where the fiber ends. FTTH runs fiber directly to your home for maximum speed, stability, and minimum latency. FTTB runs fiber to the building only, relying on copper for the final stretch — with compromises in speed and stability.

如果你嘅大廈有 FTTH 覆蓋，恭喜你，你可以享受到最好嘅寬頻體驗。如果你嘅大廈只有 FTTB，唔使灰心 — 揀一間用 G.fast 技術、網絡穩定嘅供應商，一樣可以有唔錯嘅體驗。無論係 FTTB 定 FTTH，用 FibreConnect 查覆蓋同比較方案，一定搵到最適合你嘅寬頻。

If your building has FTTH, congratulations — you can enjoy the best broadband experience available. If you're limited to FTTB, don't worry — choosing a provider with G.fast technology and a stable network can still deliver a solid experience. Whatever your building type, use FibreConnect to check coverage and compare plans for the best match.